{"id":6944,"date":"2020-12-08T11:17:38","date_gmt":"2020-12-08T11:17:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ficusplant.org\/?page_id=6944"},"modified":"2022-06-16T08:53:49","modified_gmt":"2022-06-16T08:53:49","slug":"ficus-carica","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ficusplant.org\/cs\/ficus-carica\/","title":{"rendered":"F\u00edkovn\u00edk smokvo\u0148 &#8211; P\u00e9\u010de, rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed a rady pro transplantace"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Mezi nes\u010detn\u00fdmi &#8222;domestikovan\u00fdmi&#8220; f\u00edkovn\u00edky rozli\u0161uj\u00ed mnoz\u00ed kv\u011btin\u00e1\u0159i F\u00edkovn\u00edk smokvo\u0148 neboli f\u00edkovn\u00edk d\u00edky jeho jedine\u010dn\u00e9 schopnosti plodit i doma. Prav\u00fd f\u00edkovn\u00edk (Ficus carica) se kv\u016fli sv\u00fdm plod\u016fm \u010dasto naz\u00fdv\u00e1 jednodu\u0161e f\u00edkovn\u00edk a poch\u00e1z\u00ed z Mal\u00e9 Asie. Je to jedna z nejstar\u0161\u00edch p\u011bstovan\u00fdch a u\u017eitkov\u00fdch rostlin na zemi a u n\u00e1s je velmi obl\u00edben\u00fd jako rostlina do vany. F\u00edkovn\u00edky jsou cen\u011bny pro sv\u00e9 sladk\u00e9, jedl\u00e9, zelen\u00e9 nebo fialov\u00e9 plody. V kv\u011btin\u00e1\u010di dor\u016fstaj\u00ed st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00e9 rostliny s ozdobn\u00fdmi listy v\u00fd\u0161ky dvou a\u017e t\u0159\u00ed metr\u016f. Kv\u011bty jsou nen\u00e1padn\u00e9. P\u0159i n\u00e1kupu se zam\u011b\u0159te na samospra\u0161n\u00e9 odr\u016fdy. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b odoln\u00e1 a mrazuvzdorn\u00e1 je odr\u016fda zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako bavorsk\u00fd f\u00edk &#8222;Violetta&#8220;. Podle \u0161lechtitele sn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed teploty a\u017e -20 stup\u0148\u016f. Za nejm\u00e9n\u011b stejn\u011b odolnou je pova\u017eov\u00e1na odr\u016fda &#8218;Mi\u010durinska-10&#8216;. Tato \u00fa\u017easn\u00e1 rostlina se k n\u00e1m dostala z Mal\u00e9 Asie a pozd\u011bji se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila do St\u0159edn\u00ed Asie, na Kavkaz a dokonce i na Krym, kde roste pod \u0161ir\u00fdm nebem.<\/p>\n<p>F\u00edkovn\u00edk smokvo\u0148 ve sv\u00e9m p\u0159irozen\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed:<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_164\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-164\" style=\"width: 272px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-164 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/ficusplant.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Ficus-carica-foto-272x300.jpg\" alt=\"Ficus-carica\" width=\"272\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ficusplant.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Ficus-carica-foto-272x300.jpg 272w, https:\/\/ficusplant.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Ficus-carica-foto.jpg 363w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 272px) 100vw, 272px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-164\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">F\u00edkovn\u00edk smokvo\u0148 foto<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Tak\u00e9 na p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch ploch\u00e1ch m\u016f\u017ee F\u00edkovn\u00edk smokvo\u0148 ve v\u00fd\u0161ce dos\u00e1hnout od 5 m do 10 m. Kmen tohoto stromu je velmi kr\u00e1tk\u00fd, tlust\u00fd, s \u0161edohn\u011bdou k\u016frou. Listy mohou b\u00fdt v z\u00e1vislosti na sv\u00e9m um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed pevn\u00e9, s m\u00edrn\u00fdmi z\u00e1\u0159ezy (ve spodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti kmene) nebo lopatkovit\u00e9, rozd\u011blen\u00e9 na n\u011bkolik lalok\u016f, srd\u010dit\u00e9 (v horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti kmene). Krom\u011b toho jsou listy dostate\u010dn\u011b velk\u00e9, horn\u00ed deska je strupovit\u00e1, zelen\u00e9 barvy, spodn\u00ed deska m\u00e1 drobn\u00e9 chloupky, \u0161edozelen\u00e9. Na d\u00e9lku dosahuj\u00ed 10 a\u017e 25 cm, na \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku a\u017e 20 cm, \u0159ap\u00edk 7 cm, v p\u0159irozen\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed r\u016fstu m\u00e1 jeden f\u00edkovn\u00edk n\u011bkolik kv\u011btenstv\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>v\u00fdhradn\u011b sami\u010d\u00edch kv\u011bt\u016f, z nich\u017e vyr\u016fstaj\u00ed \u0161\u0165avnat\u00e9 sladk\u00e9 f\u00edky;<\/li>\n<li>sam\u010d\u00ed ty\u010dinky;<\/li>\n<li>kr\u00e1tce stopkat\u00e9 (sami\u010d\u00ed), z nich\u017e vyr\u016fstaj\u00ed nejedl\u00e9 plody.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Common fig (Ficus carica) - Plant Identification\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/RrHCHe_O0Ss?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Pro dom\u00e1c\u00ed p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed, aby strom plodil, sta\u010d\u00ed pouze sami\u010d\u00ed kv\u011btenstv\u00ed, kter\u00e1 d\u00e1vaj\u00ed jedl\u00e9 plody. Mimochodem, F\u00edkovn\u00edk smokvo\u0148 je dvoudom\u00e1 rostlina, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nevy\u017eaduje opylen\u00ed sam\u010d\u00edmi kv\u011btenstv\u00edmi.<\/p>\n<p>Samotn\u00e9 plody vypadaj\u00ed jako zplo\u0161t\u011bl\u00e1 koule, v pr\u016fm\u011bru mohou dosahovat a\u017e 8 cm, s jemn\u00fdmi zrn\u00ed\u010dky uvnit\u0159, velmi sladk\u00e9 a \u0161\u0165avnat\u00e9.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_165\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-165\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-165 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/ficusplant.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/figi-foto-300x211.jpg\" alt=\"figi\" width=\"300\" height=\"211\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ficusplant.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/figi-foto-300x211.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ficusplant.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/figi-foto.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-165\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">F\u00edky Ovoce foto<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Dom\u00e1c\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de o F\u00edkovn\u00edk smokvo\u0148<\/h2>\n<p>Z v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho popisu rostliny je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee F\u00edkovn\u00edk smokvo\u0148 se od sv\u00fdch bratr\u016f zcela li\u0161\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi vlastnostmi a schopnost\u00ed plodit i jako okrasn\u00e1 rostlina. To v\u0161ak nijak neovlivnilo jeho p\u00e9\u010di, tj. nezat\u00ed\u017eilo ji.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Osv\u011btlen\u00ed:<\/strong> F\u00edkovn\u00edk neboli f\u00edkovn\u00edk (jin\u00fd n\u00e1zev pro tuto rostlinu) m\u00e1 r\u00e1d jasn\u00e9 sv\u011btlo, m\u00edrn\u011b zast\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdmi slune\u010dn\u00edmi paprsky.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>F\u00edkovn\u00edk smokvo\u0148 miluje \u010derstv\u00fd vzduch, tak\u017ee v l\u00e9t\u011b m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro balkon nebo r\u016f\u017eovou zahradu.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Teplota:<\/strong> Krom\u011b sv\u011btla maj\u00ed f\u00edkovn\u00edky r\u00e1dy tak\u00e9 teplo. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v letn\u00edm obdob\u00ed je preferovan\u00e1 teplota vzduchu od +71,6\u00b0F do +77\u00b0F, v zim\u011b m\u00e1 rostlina rad\u011bji chlad od +42,8\u00b0F do +50\u00b0F.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Stejn\u011b jako ostatn\u00ed druhy f\u00edkus\u016f, ani f\u00edkovn\u00edk nesn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed prudk\u00e9 zm\u011bny teplot &#8211; mohou zp\u016fsobit p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9 opad\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed list\u016f a dal\u0161\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee.<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Zal\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/strong> F\u00edkovn\u00edk smokvo\u0148 m\u00e1 r\u00e1d hojnou z\u00e1livku, zejm\u00e9na v l\u00e9t\u011b, stejn\u011b jako tepl\u00e9 sprchy a post\u0159iky. P\u0159i posledn\u011b jmenovan\u00e9m je v\u0161ak nutn\u00e9 chr\u00e1nit f\u00f3li\u00ed nebo s\u00e1\u010dkem, aby nedoch\u00e1zelo k nadm\u011brn\u00e9 vlhkosti.<br \/>\nVlhkost vzduchu: v l\u00e9t\u011b vysok\u00e1, v zim\u011b nedovolte, aby vzduch vyschl.<\/li>\n<li><strong>P\u0159esazov\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/strong> Mlad\u00e9 rostliny se p\u0159esazuj\u00ed ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b, dosp\u011bl\u00e9 jednou za 2 roky, na ja\u0159e. U f\u00edkus\u016f, kter\u00e9 dos\u00e1hly velk\u00e9 velikosti, sta\u010d\u00ed pouze vym\u011bnit vrchn\u00ed vrstvu p\u016fdy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Pokud v\u00fdsadbu prohloub\u00edte, m\u016f\u017ee rostlina uvolnit n\u011bkolik nov\u00fdch ko\u0159en\u016f, co\u017e zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed rychlost v\u00fdvoje.<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Krmen\u00ed:<\/strong> F\u00edky p\u0159ihnojujte b\u011bhem aktivn\u00edho r\u016fstu, jednou za 10 dn\u00ed. K hnojen\u00ed m\u016f\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edt miner\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed tekut\u00e9 substr\u00e1ty.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/strong> F\u00edkovn\u00edk smokvo\u0148 se mno\u017e\u00ed drcen\u00edm nebo semeny. P\u0159i prvn\u00edm zp\u016fsobu je nutn\u00e9 se\u0159\u00edznout kvalitn\u00ed stonek, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 15 cm. \u0158ez su\u0161te n\u011bkolik hodin (10-12) a m\u016f\u017eete za\u010d\u00edt zako\u0159e\u0148ovat. K tomu je t\u0159eba \u0159\u00edzky zasadit do velmi v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9 p\u016fdy, nap\u0159\u00edklad do sm\u011bsi p\u00edsku a ra\u0161eliny, trochu zal\u00e9vat \u010distou, st\u00e1lou vodou a postavit mal\u00fd sklen\u00edk s celof\u00e1nov\u00fdm s\u00e1\u010dkem nebo sklen\u011bnou n\u00e1dobou. p\u0159i mno\u017een\u00ed semeny je t\u0159eba je b\u011bhem dne om\u00fdt a vysu\u0161it, pak je um\u00edstit do zem\u011b a postavit sklen\u00edk. Jakmile se objev\u00ed prvn\u00ed listy, lze je p\u0159esadit do kv\u011btin\u00e1\u010de.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0158ez:<\/strong> Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee stromy mohou kv\u00e9st t\u0159ikr\u00e1t ro\u010dn\u011b, jsou velmi necitliv\u00e9 na na\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159ezu. Ide\u00e1ln\u00ed je v\u0161ak \u0159ez na ja\u0159e, kter\u00fd nav\u00edc podporuje r\u016fst a kveten\u00ed. Stromy maj\u00ed zpravidla d\u00edky klimatick\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m pom\u011brn\u011b statn\u00fd r\u016fst, tak\u017ee velk\u00fd \u0159ez je nutn\u00fd jen z\u0159\u00eddka.f\u00edkovn\u00edk &#8211; F\u00edkovn\u00edk smokvo\u0148 P\u0159i \u0159ezu je t\u0159eba db\u00e1t na to, aby jednotliv\u00e9 bo\u010dn\u00ed v\u011btve byly voln\u00e9 a mohly dob\u0159e dopadat na slunce. \u0158\u00eddk\u00fd stromek nejen\u017ee p\u0159inese v\u00edce plod\u016f, ale pokud budou m\u00edt dobr\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsun slune\u010dn\u00edho sv\u011btla, budou tak\u00e9 intenzivn\u011bji sladk\u00e9.<br \/>\nPokyny k \u0159ezu:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>odstra\u0148te p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdhony<\/li>\n<li>prosv\u011btlete vnit\u0159n\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st ke\u0159e\/koruny<\/li>\n<li>ponechte pah\u00fdly v\u011btv\u00ed, pokud chcete nov\u00e9 v\u00fdhony<\/li>\n<li>odstra\u0148te star\u00e9 v\u00fdhony<\/li>\n<li>radik\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159ez pouze v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee hroz\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed senescence<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tipy pro p\u00e9\u010di:<\/strong> Pokud se vyvarujete n\u011bkolika chyb v p\u00e9\u010di o f\u00edkovn\u00edk, rostlina poroste zdrav\u011b. Od jara do podzimu byste m\u011bli f\u00edkovn\u00edk pravideln\u011b zal\u00e9vat, v zim\u011b velmi st\u0159\u00eddm\u011b. Aby nedoch\u00e1zelo k p\u0159emok\u0159en\u00ed, mus\u00ed m\u00edt p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00e1 voda mo\u017enost snadno odt\u00e9kat. Od dubna do srpna f\u00edkovn\u00edky ka\u017ed\u00fd t\u00fdden p\u0159ihnojujte kvalitn\u00edm tekut\u00fdm hnojivem pro rostliny v n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch. Plody, kter\u00e9 na podzim nedozr\u00e1ly venku, m\u016f\u017eete nechat viset. Budou pokra\u010dovat v r\u016fstu a na ja\u0159e poskytnou druhou \u00farodu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Choroby a \u0161k\u016fdci Carica<\/h2>\n<p>Ze \u0161k\u016fdc\u016f jsou n\u00e1m ji\u017e zn\u00e1m\u00e9: \u0161t\u00edtovka, mou\u010dn\u00fd \u010dervec a pavoukovec. Posledn\u011b jmenovan\u00e9mu m\u016f\u017eete zabr\u00e1nit pot\u00edr\u00e1n\u00edm list\u016f rostliny. Mou\u010dn\u00fd \u010dervec v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee rostlinu zni\u010dit, proto je nejlep\u0161\u00ed zbavit se napaden\u00fdch list\u016f, ot\u0159\u00edt f\u00edkus vlhkou houbou, stejn\u011b tak m\u016f\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edt karbonofos.\u00a0\u0160t\u011btku m\u016f\u017eete odstranit ru\u010dn\u011b a pot\u00e9 rostlinu o\u0161et\u0159it m\u00fddlov\u00fdm roztokem tab\u00e1ku.\u00a0Krom\u011b toho mohou listy f\u00edkusu trp\u011bt nadm\u011brnou nebo nedostate\u010dnou vlhkost\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mezi nes\u010detn\u00fdmi &#8222;domestikovan\u00fdmi&#8220; f\u00edkovn\u00edky rozli\u0161uj\u00ed mnoz\u00ed kv\u011btin\u00e1\u0159i F\u00edkovn\u00edk smokvo\u0148 neboli f\u00edkovn\u00edk d\u00edky jeho jedine\u010dn\u00e9 schopnosti plodit i doma. Prav\u00fd f\u00edkovn\u00edk (Ficus carica) se kv\u016fli sv\u00fdm plod\u016fm \u010dasto naz\u00fdv\u00e1 jednodu\u0161e f\u00edkovn\u00edk a poch\u00e1z\u00ed z Mal\u00e9 Asie. Je to jedna z nejstar\u0161\u00edch<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ficusplant.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6944"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ficusplant.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ficusplant.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ficusplant.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ficusplant.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6944"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/ficusplant.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6944\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12168,"href":"https:\/\/ficusplant.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6944\/revisions\/12168"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ficusplant.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6944"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}