{"id":6993,"date":"2020-12-08T11:17:38","date_gmt":"2020-12-08T11:17:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ficusplant.org\/?page_id=6993"},"modified":"2022-06-16T09:18:29","modified_gmt":"2022-06-16T09:18:29","slug":"ficus-carica","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ficusplant.org\/sk\/ficus-carica\/","title":{"rendered":"Figovn\u00edk oby\u010dajn\u00fd &#8211; Starostlivos\u0165, reprodukcia a poradenstvo pri pres\u00e1dzan\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Medzi nespo\u010detn\u00fdmi &#8222;domestikovan\u00fdmi&#8220; fikusmi mnoh\u00ed kvetin\u00e1ri rozli\u0161uj\u00fa Figovn\u00edk oby\u010dajn\u00fd alebo figovn\u00edk v\u010faka jeho jedine\u010dnej schopnosti prin\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 plody aj doma. Prav\u00e1 figovn\u00edk (Ficus carica) sa \u010dasto naz\u00fdva jednoducho figovn\u00edk kv\u00f4li svojim plodom a poch\u00e1dza z Malej \u00c1zie. Je to jedna z najstar\u0161\u00edch pestovan\u00fdch a u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fdch rastl\u00edn na zemi a u n\u00e1s je ve\u013emi ob\u013e\u00faben\u00e1 ako rastlina do vane. Figovn\u00edky s\u00fa cenen\u00e9 pre svoje sladk\u00e9, jedl\u00e9, zelen\u00e9 alebo fialov\u00e9 plody. V \u010drepn\u00edku stredomorsk\u00e9 rastliny s ozdobn\u00fdmi listami dorastaj\u00fa do v\u00fd\u0161ky dvoch a\u017e troch metrov. Kvety s\u00fa nen\u00e1padn\u00e9. Pri k\u00fape sa zamerajte na samoplodiace odrody. Odroda zn\u00e1ma ako bavorsk\u00e1 figovn\u00edk &#8222;Violetta&#8220; je mimoriadne odoln\u00e1 a mrazuvzdorn\u00e1. Pod\u013ea \u0161\u013eachtite\u013ea zn\u00e1\u0161a teploty a\u017e do -20 stup\u0148ov. Za minim\u00e1lne rovnako odoln\u00fa sa pova\u017euje aj odroda &#8218;Mi\u010durinska-10&#8216;. T\u00e1to \u00fa\u017easn\u00e1 rastlina sa k n\u00e1m dostala z Malej \u00c1zie a nesk\u00f4r sa roz\u0161\u00edrila do Strednej \u00c1zie, na Kaukaz a dokonca aj na Krym, kde rastie pod hol\u00fdm nebom.<\/p>\n<p>Figovn\u00edk oby\u010dajn\u00fd vo svojom prirodzenom prostred\u00ed:<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_164\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-164\" style=\"width: 272px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-164 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/ficusplant.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Ficus-carica-foto-272x300.jpg\" alt=\"Ficus-carica\" width=\"272\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ficusplant.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Ficus-carica-foto-272x300.jpg 272w, https:\/\/ficusplant.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Ficus-carica-foto.jpg 363w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 272px) 100vw, 272px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-164\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figovn\u00edk oby\u010dajn\u00fd fotografie<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Aj na pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch ploch\u00e1ch m\u00f4\u017ee Figovn\u00edk oby\u010dajn\u00fd vo v\u00fd\u0161ke dosiahnu\u0165 od 5 m do 10 m. Kme\u0148 tohto stromu je ve\u013emi kr\u00e1tky, hrub\u00fd, so sivohnedou k\u00f4rou. Listy v z\u00e1vislosti od ich umiestnenia m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 pevn\u00e9, s miernymi z\u00e1rezmi (v spodnej \u010dasti kme\u0148a) alebo lopatkovit\u00e9, rozdelen\u00e9 na nieko\u013eko lalokov, srdcovit\u00e9 (v hornej \u010dasti kme\u0148a). Okrem toho s\u00fa listy dostato\u010dne ve\u013ek\u00e9, horn\u00e1 doska je chrastovit\u00e1, zelenej farby, spodn\u00e1 doska m\u00e1 mal\u00e9 ch\u013apky, sivozelen\u00e9. Na d\u013a\u017eku dosahuj\u00fa od 10 cm do 25 cm, na \u0161\u00edrku a\u017e 20 cm, stopka &#8211; 7 cm v prirodzenom prostred\u00ed rastu jedn\u00e9ho figovn\u00edka m\u00e1 nieko\u013eko kvetenstiev:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>v\u00fdlu\u010dne sami\u010die kvety, z ktor\u00fdch rast\u00fa \u0161\u0165avnat\u00e9 sladk\u00e9 figy;<\/li>\n<li>sam\u010die ty\u010dinky;<\/li>\n<li>kr\u00e1tke ty\u010dinky (sami\u010die), z ktor\u00fdch vyrastaj\u00fa nejedl\u00e9 plody.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Common fig (Ficus carica) - Plant Identification\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/RrHCHe_O0Ss?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Na dom\u00e1ce pestovanie, aby strom prin\u00e1\u0161al ovocie, sta\u010d\u00ed len sami\u010die kvetenstvo, ktor\u00e9 d\u00e1va jedl\u00e9 plody. Mimochodom, Figovn\u00edk oby\u010dajn\u00fd je dvojdom\u00e1 rastlina, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nevy\u017eaduje opelenie sam\u010d\u00edm kvetenstvom.<\/p>\n<p>Samotn\u00e9 plody vyzeraj\u00fa ako splo\u0161ten\u00e1 gu\u013ea, v priemere m\u00f4\u017eu dosiahnu\u0165 8 cm, s jemn\u00fdmi zrnie\u010dkami vo vn\u00fatri, ve\u013emi sladk\u00e9 a \u0161\u0165avnat\u00e9.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_165\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-165\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-165 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/ficusplant.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/figi-foto-300x211.jpg\" alt=\"figi\" width=\"300\" height=\"211\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ficusplant.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/figi-foto-300x211.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ficusplant.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/figi-foto.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-165\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figovn\u00edk oby\u010dajn\u00fd foto<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Dom\u00e1ca starostlivos\u0165 o Figovn\u00edk oby\u010dajn\u00fd<\/h2>\n<p>Z vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00e9ho opisu rastliny je zrejm\u00e9, \u017ee Figovn\u00edk oby\u010dajn\u00fd sa \u00faplne l\u00ed\u0161i od svojich bratov a vonkaj\u0161\u00edch vlastnost\u00ed a schopnosti nies\u0165 ovocie aj ako okrasn\u00e1 rastlina. To v\u0161ak nijako neovplyvnilo jeho starostlivos\u0165, t. j. neurobilo ju za\u0165a\u017euj\u00facou.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Osvetlenie:<\/strong> Figovn\u00edk alebo figovn\u00edk (in\u00fd n\u00e1zov tejto rastliny) m\u00e1 r\u00e1d jasn\u00e9 svetlo, mierne zatienen\u00e9 priamym slne\u010dn\u00fdm svetlom.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Figovn\u00edk oby\u010dajn\u00fd miluje \u010derstv\u00fd vzduch, tak\u017ee v lete m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 ide\u00e1lny na balk\u00f3n alebo do ru\u017eovej z\u00e1hrady.<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Teplota:<\/strong> Okrem svetla maj\u00fa figovn\u00edky rady aj teplo. Napr\u00edklad v letnom obdob\u00ed je preferovan\u00e1 teplota vzduchu od +71,6 \u00b0C do +77 \u00b0C a v zime m\u00e1 rastlina rad\u0161ej chlad od +42,8 \u00b0C do +50 \u00b0C.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Podobne ako in\u00e9 druhy fikusov, figovn\u00edk netoleruje prudk\u00fa zmenu teploty &#8211; m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 pred\u010dasn\u00e9 opad\u00e1vanie listov a in\u00e9 \u0165a\u017ekosti.<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Zalievanie:<\/strong> Figovn\u00edk oby\u010dajn\u00fd m\u00e1 r\u00e1d hojn\u00fa z\u00e1lievku, najm\u00e4 v lete, ako aj tepl\u00e9 sprchy a postreky. Pri t\u00fdch je v\u0161ak potrebn\u00e9 chr\u00e1ni\u0165 f\u00f3liou alebo vreckom, aby nedoch\u00e1dzalo k nadmernej vlhkosti.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vlhkos\u0165 vzduchu:<\/strong> v lete &#8211; vysok\u00e1, v zime &#8211; nedovo\u013ete, aby vzduch vyschol.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pres\u00e1dzanie:<\/strong> Mlad\u00e9 rastliny sa pres\u00e1dzaj\u00fa ka\u017edoro\u010dne a dospel\u00e9 raz za 2 roky, na jar. V pr\u00edpade fikusov, ktor\u00e9 dosiahli ve\u013ek\u00fa ve\u013ekos\u0165, sta\u010d\u00ed vymeni\u0165 len vrchn\u00fa vrstvu p\u00f4dy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Ak v\u00fdsadbu preh\u013abite, rastlina m\u00f4\u017ee uvo\u013eni\u0165 nieko\u013eko nov\u00fdch kore\u0148ov, \u010d\u00edm sa zv\u00fd\u0161i r\u00fdchlos\u0165 v\u00fdvoja.<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>K\u0155menie:<\/strong> Hnojte figy po\u010das akt\u00edvneho rastu, raz za 10 dn\u00ed. Na hnojenie m\u00f4\u017eete pou\u017ei\u0165 miner\u00e1lne alebo univerz\u00e1lne tekut\u00e9 substr\u00e1ty.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rozmno\u017eovanie:<\/strong> Figovn\u00edk oby\u010dajn\u00fd sa rozmno\u017euje drven\u00edm alebo semenami. Pri prvom sp\u00f4sobe je potrebn\u00e9 odreza\u0165 dobr\u00fa stonku, pribli\u017ene 15 cm. Odrezok nieko\u013eko hod\u00edn (10-12) su\u0161te a m\u00f4\u017eete za\u010da\u0165 zakore\u0148ova\u0165. Na tento \u00fa\u010del by sa mali odrezky zasadi\u0165 do ve\u013emi v\u00fd\u017eivnej p\u00f4dy, napr\u00edklad do zmesi piesku a ra\u0161eliny, trochu zalieva\u0165 \u010distou, kon\u0161tantnou vodou a postavi\u0165 mal\u00fd sklen\u00edk s celof\u00e1nov\u00fdm vreckom alebo sklenenou n\u00e1dobou. pri mno\u017een\u00ed semenami by sa mali po\u010das d\u0148a umy\u0165 a vysu\u0161i\u0165, potom umiestni\u0165 do zeme a postavi\u0165 sklen\u00edk. Po objaven\u00ed prv\u00fdch listov ich mo\u017eno presadi\u0165 do kvetin\u00e1\u010da.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Prerez\u00e1vanie:<\/strong> Vzh\u013eadom na to, \u017ee stromy m\u00f4\u017eu kvitn\u00fa\u0165 trikr\u00e1t ro\u010dne, s\u00fa ve\u013emi necitliv\u00e9 na na\u010dasovanie rezu. Ide\u00e1lne je v\u0161ak prerez\u00e1vanie na jar, preto\u017ee to dodato\u010dne podporuje rast a kvitnutie. Stromy maj\u00fa spravidla vzh\u013eadom na klimatick\u00e9 podmienky pomerne bujn\u00fd rast, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ve\u013ek\u00fd rez je potrebn\u00fd len zriedka. figovn\u00edk &#8211; Figovn\u00edk oby\u010dajn\u00fd Pri reze treba dba\u0165 na to, aby jednotliv\u00e9 bo\u010dn\u00e9 vetvy boli vo\u013en\u00e9 a mohli dobre prij\u00edma\u0165 slne\u010dn\u00e9 svetlo. Nielen\u017ee sa na riedkom strome urod\u00ed viac plodov, ale ak bud\u00fa ma\u0165 dobr\u00e9 slne\u010dn\u00e9 svetlo, bud\u00fa aj intenz\u00edvnej\u0161ie sladk\u00e9.<br \/>\nPokyny na strihanie:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Odstr\u00e1\u0148te prek\u00e1\u017eaj\u00face v\u00fdhonky<\/li>\n<li>presvetlite vn\u00fatro kr\u00edka\/koruny<\/li>\n<li>ak chcete nov\u00e9 v\u00fdhonky, ponechajte p\u00fa\u010diky kon\u00e1rov<\/li>\n<li>odstr\u00e1\u0148te star\u00e9 v\u00fdhonky<\/li>\n<li>radik\u00e1lny rez len v pr\u00edpade, \u017ee hroz\u00ed nebezpe\u010denstvo starnutia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tipy na starostlivos\u0165:<\/strong> Ak sa vyhnete nieko\u013ek\u00fdm chyb\u00e1m v starostlivosti o figovn\u00edk, rastlina rastie zdravo. Od jari do jesene by ste mali figovn\u00edky pravidelne zalieva\u0165 a v zime ve\u013emi striedmo. Aby ste zabr\u00e1nili zamokreniu, prebyto\u010dn\u00e1 voda mus\u00ed ma\u0165 mo\u017enos\u0165 \u013eahko odteka\u0165. Od apr\u00edla do augusta figovn\u00edk t\u00fd\u017edenne prihnojujte kvalitn\u00fdm tekut\u00fdm hnojivom na rastliny v n\u00e1dob\u00e1ch. V\u0161etky plody, ktor\u00e9 na jese\u0148 nedozreli vonku, m\u00f4\u017eete necha\u0165 visie\u0165. Na jar bud\u00fa pokra\u010dova\u0165 v raste a poskytn\u00fa druh\u00fa \u00farodu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Choroby a \u0161kodcovia Carica<\/h2>\n<p>Zo \u0161kodcov s\u00fa n\u00e1m u\u017e zn\u00e1me: \u0161t\u00edtni\u010dka, m\u00fa\u010dnatka a rozto\u010d. Tejto poslednej m\u00f4\u017eete zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 potieran\u00edm listov rastliny. Ale m\u00fa\u010dnatka m\u00f4\u017ee rastlinu zni\u010di\u0165, preto je najlep\u0161ie zbavi\u0165 sa napadnut\u00fdch listov, f\u00edkus utrie\u0165 vlhkou \u0161pongiou, rovnako m\u00f4\u017eete pou\u017ei\u0165 karbonofos.\u00a0\u0160tetec m\u00f4\u017eete odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 ru\u010dne a potom rastlinu o\u0161etri\u0165 mydlov\u00fdm roztokom tabaku.\u00a0Okrem toho m\u00f4\u017eu listy figovn\u00edka trpie\u0165 nadbytkom alebo nedostatkom vlhkosti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Medzi nespo\u010detn\u00fdmi &#8222;domestikovan\u00fdmi&#8220; fikusmi mnoh\u00ed kvetin\u00e1ri rozli\u0161uj\u00fa Figovn\u00edk oby\u010dajn\u00fd alebo figovn\u00edk v\u010faka jeho jedine\u010dnej schopnosti prin\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 plody aj doma. Prav\u00e1 figovn\u00edk (Ficus carica) sa \u010dasto naz\u00fdva jednoducho figovn\u00edk kv\u00f4li svojim plodom a poch\u00e1dza z Malej \u00c1zie. Je to jedna z<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ficusplant.org\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6993"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ficusplant.org\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ficusplant.org\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ficusplant.org\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ficusplant.org\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6993"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/ficusplant.org\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6993\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12191,"href":"https:\/\/ficusplant.org\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6993\/revisions\/12191"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ficusplant.org\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6993"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}